Membaca dosa asal secara holistik: Dialog teologi, psikologi dan genetika tentang natur manusia

Abstract

The doctrine of original sin is a central concept in Christian theological anthropology that explains the basic human condition and the need for salvation. In the development of modern science, especially psychology and behavioral genetics, this understanding is often questioned because human behavior is increasingly understood through biological factors and life experiences. This article examines original sin in an interdisciplinary manner by bringing together theology, psychology, and genetics, without opposing faith and science. This research uses a qualitative-theological approach through a literature study of classical and contemporary theological literature as well as the study of psychology and behavioral genetics. This study shows that original sin is not solely related to individual moral actions, but rather an existential condition that affects the spiritual, psychic, and biological dimensions of man. Psychological and biological factors make up man's vulnerability, but they do not erase his moral responsibility before God. This integration of perspectives encourages a more empathetic, realistic, and growth-oriented understanding of ethics and pastoral ministry in grace.